Типы данных в Python

1. Числовые

int



In [1]:

    
x = 5



In [2]:

    
print x









    



  File "<ipython-input-2-2d264e11d975>", line 1
    print x
          ^
SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'



In [3]:

    
print type(x)









    



  File "<ipython-input-3-ee69df525b82>", line 1
    print type(x)
             ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax



In [240]:

    
a = 4 + 5
b = 4 * 5
c = 5 / 4

print a, b, c



In [241]:

    
print -5 / 4

-2



In [242]:

    
print -(5 / 4)

-1

long



In [243]:

    
x = 5 * 1000000 * 1000000 * 1000000 * 1000000 + 1
print x
print type(x)









    



5000000000000000000000001
<type 'long'>



In [244]:

    
y = 5
print type(y)
y = x
print type(y)









    



<type 'int'>
<type 'long'>

float



In [245]:

    
y = 5.7



In [246]:

    
print y
print type(y)









    



5.7
<type 'float'>



In [247]:

    
a = 4.2 + 5.1
b = 4.2 * 5.1
c = 5.0 / 4.0

print a, b, c









    



9.3 21.42 1.25



In [248]:

    
a = 5
b = 4
print float(a) / float(b)



In [249]:

    
print 5.0 / 4
print 5 / 4.0



In [250]:

    
print float(a) / b

bool



In [251]:

    
a = True
b = False

print a
print type(a)

print b
print type(b)









    



True
<type 'bool'>
False
<type 'bool'>



In [252]:

    
print a + b
print a + a
print b + b



In [253]:

    
print int(a), int(b)

1 0



In [254]:

    
print True and False
print True and True
print False and False









    



False
True
False



In [255]:

    
print True or False
print True or True
print False or False









    



True
True
False

2. None



In [256]:

    
z = None
print z
print type(z)









    



None
<type 'NoneType'>



In [257]:

    
print int(z)









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-257-faf6fd86913f> in <module>()
----> 1 print int(z)

TypeError: int() argument must be a string or a number, not 'NoneType'

3. Строковые

str



In [258]:

    
x = "abc"
print x
print type(x)









    



abc
<type 'str'>



In [259]:

    
a = 'Ivan'
b = "Ivanov"
s = a + " " + b
print s









    



Ivan Ivanov



In [260]:

    
print a.upper()
print a.lower()









    



IVAN
ivan



In [261]:

    
print len(a)



In [262]:

    
print bool(a)
print bool("")









    



True
False



In [263]:

    
print int(a)









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-263-5f424ac5bb38> in <module>()
----> 1 print int(a)

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'Ivan'



In [264]:

    
print a
print a[0]
print a[1]
print a[0:3]









    



Ivan
I
v
Iva



In [265]:

    
print a[0:4:2]

Ia

unicode



In [266]:

    
x = u"abc"
print x
print type(x)









    



abc
<type 'unicode'>



In [267]:

    
x = u'Элеонора Михайловна'
print x, type(x)
y = x.encode('utf-8')
print y, type(y)
z = y.decode('utf-8')
print z, type(z)
q = y.decode('cp1251')
print q, type(q)









    



Элеонора Михайловна <type 'unicode'>
Элеонора Михайловна <type 'str'>
Элеонора Михайловна <type 'unicode'>
РР»РµРѕРЅРѕСЂР° РњРёС…Р°Р№Р»РѕРІРЅР° <type 'unicode'>



In [248]:

    
1









    Out[248]:





1



In [263]:

    
x = u'Элеонора Михайловна'
print x, type(x)
y = x.encode('utf-8')
print y, type(y)
z = y.decode('utf-8')
print z, type(z)
q = y.decode('cp1251')
print q, type(q)









    



Элеонора Михайловна <type 'unicode'>
Элеонора Михайловна <type 'str'>
Элеонора Михайловна <type 'unicode'>
РР»РµРѕРЅРѕСЂР° РњРёС…Р°Р№Р»РѕРІРЅР° <type 'unicode'>



In [268]:

    
print str(x)









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnicodeEncodeError                        Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-268-814029ae4c69> in <module>()
----> 1 print str(x)

UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 0-7: ordinal not in range(128)



In [269]:

    
print y[1:]
print len(y), type(y)
print len(x), type(x)









    



�леонора Михайловна
37 <type 'str'>
19 <type 'unicode'>



In [270]:

    
y = u'Иван Иванович'.encode('utf-8')
print y.decode('utf-8')









    



Иван Иванович



In [271]:

    
print y.decode('cp1251')









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnicodeDecodeError                        Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-271-007dbaadc60e> in <module>()
----> 1 print y.decode('cp1251')

/Users/xead/anaconda/lib/python2.7/encodings/cp1251.pyc in decode(self, input, errors)
     13 
     14     def decode(self,input,errors='strict'):
---> 15         return codecs.charmap_decode(input,errors,decoding_table)
     16 
     17 class IncrementalEncoder(codecs.IncrementalEncoder):

UnicodeDecodeError: 'charmap' codec can't decode byte 0x98 in position 1: character maps to <undefined>



In [273]:

    
splitted_line = "Ivanov Ivan Ivanovich".split(' ')
print splitted_line









    



['Ivanov', 'Ivan', 'Ivanovich']



In [274]:

    
print type(splitted_line)









    



<type 'list'>



In [275]:

    
print "Иванов Иван Иванович".split(" ")









    



['\xd0\x98\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xbe\xd0\xb2', '\xd0\x98\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd', '\xd0\x98\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb0\xd0\xbd\xd0\xbe\xd0\xb2\xd0\xb8\xd1\x87']



In [277]:

    
print "\x98"

�



In [278]:

    
print u"Иванов Иван Иванович".split(" ")









    



[u'\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432', u'\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d', u'\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447']

3. Массивы

list



In [279]:

    
saled_goods_count = [33450, 34010, 33990, 33200]
print saled_goods_count
print type(saled_goods_count)









    



[33450, 34010, 33990, 33200]
<type 'list'>



In [280]:

    
income = [u'Высокий', u'Средний', u'Высокий']
names = [u'Элеонора Михайловна', u'Иван Иванович', u'Михаил Абрамович']

print income
print names









    



[u'\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439', u'\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439', u'\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439']
[u'\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430', u'\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447', u'\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0410\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447']



In [282]:

    
print "---".join(income)









    



Высокий---Средний---Высокий



In [283]:

    
features = ['Ivan Ivanovich', 'Medium', 500000, 12, True]
print features









    



['Ivan Ivanovich', 'Medium', 500000, 12, True]



In [284]:

    
print features[0]
print features[1]
print features[3]









    



Ivan Ivanovich
Medium
12



In [285]:

    
print features[0:5]









    



['Ivan Ivanovich', 'Medium', 500000, 12, True]



In [286]:

    
print features[:5]









    



['Ivan Ivanovich', 'Medium', 500000, 12, True]



In [287]:

    
print features[1:]









    



['Medium', 500000, 12, True]



In [288]:

    
print features[2:5]









    



[500000, 12, True]



In [289]:

    
print features[:-1]









    



['Ivan Ivanovich', 'Medium', 500000, 12]



In [290]:

    
features.append('One more element in list')
print features









    



['Ivan Ivanovich', 'Medium', 500000, 12, True, 'One more element in list']



In [291]:

    
del features[-2]



In [292]:

    
print features









    



['Ivan Ivanovich', 'Medium', 500000, 12, 'One more element in list']

tuple



In [293]:

    
features_tuple = ('Ivan Ivanovich', 'Medium', 500000, 12, True)
print type(features_tuple)









    



<type 'tuple'>



In [294]:

    
features_tuple[2:5]









    Out[294]:





(500000, 12, True)



In [295]:

    
features_tuple.append('one more element')









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-295-ea16a6b56b87> in <module>()
----> 1 features_tuple.append('one more element')

AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'append'

4. Множества и словари

set



In [296]:

    
names = {'Ivan', 'Petr', 'Konstantin'}



In [297]:

    
print type(names)









    



<type 'set'>



In [298]:

    
print 'Ivan' in names









    



True



In [299]:

    
print 'Mikhail' in names









    



False



In [300]:

    
names.add('Mikhail')
print names









    



set(['Ivan', 'Mikhail', 'Konstantin', 'Petr'])



In [301]:

    
names.add('Mikhail')
print names









    



set(['Ivan', 'Mikhail', 'Konstantin', 'Petr'])



In [302]:

    
names.remove('Mikhail')
print names









    



set(['Ivan', 'Konstantin', 'Petr'])



In [303]:

    
names.add(['Vladimir', 'Vladimirovich'])









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-303-4a104b0fb39e> in <module>()
----> 1 names.add(['Vladimir', 'Vladimirovich'])

TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'



In [304]:

    
names.add(('Vladimir', 'Vladimirovich'))
print names









    



set(['Ivan', ('Vladimir', 'Vladimirovich'), 'Konstantin', 'Petr'])



In [305]:

    
a = range(10000)
b = range(10000)
b = set(b)



In [306]:

    
print a[:5]
print a[-5:]









    



[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
[9995, 9996, 9997, 9998, 9999]



In [307]:

    
%%time
print 9999 in a









    



True
CPU times: user 675 µs, sys: 70 µs, total: 745 µs
Wall time: 752 µs



In [308]:

    
%%time
print 9999 in b









    



True
CPU times: user 49 µs, sys: 9 µs, total: 58 µs
Wall time: 55.1 µs

dict



In [309]:

    
words_frequencies = dict()
words_frequencies['I'] = 1
words_frequencies['am'] = 1
words_frequencies['I'] += 1

print words_frequencies









    



{'I': 2, 'am': 1}



In [310]:

    
print words_frequencies['I']



In [311]:

    
words_frequencies = {'I': 2, 'am': 1}
print words_frequencies









    



{'I': 2, 'am': 1}



In [312]:

    
yet_another_dict = {'abc': 3.4, 5: 7.8, u'123': None}
print yet_another_dict









    



{u'123': None, 'abc': 3.4, 5: 7.8}



In [313]:

    
yet_another_dict[(1,2,5)] = [4, 5, 7]
print yet_another_dict









    



{u'123': None, 'abc': 3.4, 5: 7.8, (1, 2, 5): [4, 5, 7]}



In [314]:

    
yet_another_dict[[1,2,7]] = [4, 5]









    



---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-314-d896033641d2> in <module>()
----> 1 yet_another_dict[[1,2,7]] = [4, 5]

TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

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